Which act mandates that federal agencies conduct Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs) when developing new information technologies?

The E-Government Act is indeed the correct answer because it was specifically established to enhance the management and utilization of electronic government services and processes, which includes the requirement for federal agencies to conduct Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs) when developing new information technologies. This act aims to ensure that the use of technology respects and protects the privacy rights of individuals, aligning privacy compliance with the development of new systems and technologies.

The other acts listed, while significant in their own right, do not impose the same requirements on the assessment of privacy impacts in relation to new technologies. The Freedom of Information Act primarily focuses on promoting transparency in government by allowing the public access to federal agency records. The Privacy Act of 1974 deals with the protection of personal information maintained by federal agencies but does not require PIAs in the context of new technology development. The Federal Information Security Modernization Act strengthens information security for federal agencies but does not specifically mandate PIAs related to the development of information technologies. Thus, the E-Government Act clearly stands out as the act that explicitly requires PIAs.